Appraisal: Lexicogrammatical Diversification

Ngo, Hood, Martin, Painter, Smith & Zappavigna (2022: 15):

APPRAISAL comprises resources for enacting social relations by sharing attitudes (Martin and White 2005). In terms of diversification it allows us, for example, to realise affect across a range of grammatical structures:

(43) Regrettably she left the parking lot.
(44) She regretfully left the parking lot.
(45) She’s regretful because she left the parking lot.
(46) Our regretful vlogger swore not to do it again.
(47) She regretted her behaviour.

Blogger Comments:

To be clear, for Halliday (2008: 49, 179), the system of APPRAISAL is a lexicogrammatical system that shades the borderline between grammar and lexis, within which ATTITUDE is a grammatical system realised by the selection of lexical items:

With options in the way something is evaluated (“I approve / I disapprove”), or contended (“I agree / I disagree”), the borderline between grammar and lexis is shaded over; systems of APPRAISAL, as described by Martin & White (2005), represent more delicate (more highly differentiated) options within the general region of evaluation. … [ATTITUDE] is a grammatical system that is realised by a selection of lexical items. 

This is borne out by the authors' examples, which show AFFECT realised by lexical items in different grammatical structures.